yardwork

7:30am on Sunday night and Sharaun is in the kitchen stirring a beef stew she's had in the crock-pot all day. It smells fantastic in here, and I'm glad I was out working in the yard all afternoon so I didn't have to breathe the temptation.
This weekend I had a goal: landscape a little planter patch on our front sideyard. Way back when I did all the work on the backyard, I drove all manner of truck and heavy equipment over that side of the yard to get from the street into the backyard. In doing so, I ruined the minimal landscaping the builders had done (which really only consisted of some much, a few plants, and a drip system anyway). Since then, I've used the space (about ten feet by fifteen feet) to store a pile of mulch I had leftover from finishing the backyard. And, that's how it's been now for some three years or more - a pile of much. It's always bothered me.
Oh, sorry, dinner break. Back now.
As I was saying, the pile of mulch never really worked for me as a permanent landscaping feature, especially since it's in our front yard. You'd think, as anal as I am about the yard, I'd have done something with it by now. But, alas, the scales inside me that compare my desire to have a nice looking yard and my laziness are tipped ever so slightly to the lazy side. So, it sat there for years. Just last week I decided I could likely get the entire thing done in a weekend if I worked hard. And besides, I've always sort of had this "concept" of what I wanted to do with the space (build up some berms down the sides and make a faux dry-creekbed with rock down the center). So, overcoming the years of do-nothingness, I finally forced myself to do some work by ordering two and a half yard of dirt delivered to my driveway... which, if you've never had a huge pile of dirt in your driveway before, serves as good motivation.
Friday I came home early (half-day) to get started. I moved the huge pile of mulch onto some tarps I set out for the purpose, and began hauling dirt by wheelbarrow to build up the berms. I worked until dinnertime. Saturday I was out early shopping for plants, and worked all day again moving dirt, planting, picking up rock and building the creekbed, and running drip. Sunday I finished up. Below is the final project, still with some mulch on tarp in front because I'm not quite done with the pile. Looks OK to me!
Also on Sunday, Keaton and I planted the garden when she got up from her nap. I poked the holes in the dirt and she dropped in the seeds. She seemed to have a good time. Maybe next year she'll actually "get" the magic of the seed-to-food thing, that'd be cool.
Man, I know that was boring, I'm sorry. Sometimes I just write about whatever. That was one of those times. I guess that's what blogs are good for. Or, bad for... whatever. I guess I'm done for the evening, I have nothing better to offer. Maybe something funny will happen around here tomorrow.
Goodnight.
YDF #3: Passing Notes
Hi folks and welcome to You Decide Friday #3. This week, the winner of the poll, by a landslide, ending up being: "A humorous analysis of some high-school notes between Sharaun & I" (Ten votes is a landslide? Oh man, I need more readers). Anyway, I guess I don't need much more exposition than that... so here goes.
You guys remember high school, right? Man, I sure do. Not getting into it too much, you should be able to tell by the abundance of high school era stories I post right here on sounds familiar that I had a pretty memorable four-year stint there. As everyone knows, teenage romance is the bread and butter of high school drama, the planet around which those fledgling emotions orbit and swirl. And, what would teenage romance be without the between-classes note exchange? The embryonic love of high school is a fragile thing, barely able to stand the forty minute breaks from each other as required by the bell schedule.
I'll ask that you read these old notes with the former mindset. I mean... it's not going to help really, they are still grotesque.
And, I need to be up-front with you guys here: On Tuesday night I dragged two old dusty cardboard boxes out of their resting places high and out of the way on shelves in the garage. One of these boxes is mine, the other Sharaun’s. Both boxes contain roughly the same things: a bunch of notes and other bric-a-brac from the halcyon highschool days of our budding, now going on fifteen years, romance (if you count highschool, which, after this, you might not).
Since it was already apparent that the highschool notes option was going to win this week’s contest, I figured I bet set about poring over the reams and reams of wide-ruled paper we’ve both held onto for so many years now. And, oh and this is the part I needed to be up-front about, it was a disgusting task. I’m serious. These notes are terrible. They are awful. Cringe-worthy. Emetic even. Honestly, as I glossed over note after note, revisiting each from within its pocket-sized quartered folds, I began to wish we’d never kept them at all. Well, maybe that’s not true, but they are certainly embarrassing, to say the least.
First off, it’s highschool, so of course Sharaun and I could barely contain the red-hot urgency of our love – a love the likes of which the world surely had never seen before. In fact, we used the word love so much, and with such conviction, it’s sickening. Other than the every-other-sentence professions of undying cosmic love, most of the notes were about how one of us shouldn’t talk to some other guy or girl, or flirt with this person or that, and quite a few were me apologizing for being lecherous.
Seriously friends, I had to read through so much pure and utter shameful crap to find a couple missives I could use… it was an exercise in patience. In the end though, I found what I think are some comical exchanges betwixt the Sharaun and I of fourteen years ago.
The notes I chose aren’t direct responses to each other, although that would’ve been easy to do. Know why? Because, in addition to passing notes between class at school, Sharaun and I also instituted something we called a “log.” The Log was a notebook that we traded off from one to another each day, and took home with us every other night. Each night, either Sharaun or I would write to each other in the notebook, logging our “in” and “out” times. In the morning, we’d give the log to the other, who’d read it and take it home to write and repeat.
Over the course of the first year or so we were together back in highschool, we filled up three ruled notebooks this way – and still have them all. They are, in a word, ghastly. But, I can manage to look back on them with fondness – because they are documents of a time gone by where I was pretty dang happy. In addition, I kept my own personal relationship journal-type thing (which I wrote in every day, go figure) for the first few months we dated. I had forgotten about that until I opened the box the other night… ugh.
Anyway, the notes I chose aren’t direct responses to each other (did I say that already?). They also aren't presented here in their entirety, I had to cut the things down to try and get just the interesting bits - so if the portions I present seem somewhat disjointed, it's because they are. Anyway, my criteria for choosing them was pretty much based on how much I thought I could make fun of them here on the blog, so I purposefully chose the ridiculous and overly inane.
Let’s start with my letter to Sharaun, because, well, honestly, it’s the worst of the two. Here we go, hope they're not too hard to read...
Ahh, right off the bat we’re talking jealousy. For a relationship seemingly cemented together with a passion so undying, we sure didn’t seem to have a lot of trust in each other. I don’t really know who I was chastising her for hugging, but I love that my suggested solution to her was to stand like a stone while being hugged, rather than reciprocating. What a way to open a letter, right? Oh man… highschool… Moving on.
Oh, wait… what’s this? Apparently, I was also guilty of hugging someone (our highschool must’ve been a regular hugfest or something). At least I am big enough to commiserate, although I do manage to mention that I actually had to watch Sharaun’s scandalous embrace, whereas mine was more tastefully clandestine. Let’s keep wading through this crap, shall we?
Oh, here I’ve apparently made peace with myself, and am now laying on the love. Let's see how long I keep up the nice-guy stuff...
Wow. What a jerk thing to say. Basically I’m saying, “I have tons of chicks on my jock, and I’m sure happy you’re not as wanted as I am. But, don’t worry, I don’t flirt with them… even though they’d totally do it with me if I said the word. Glad you’re not as desirable, I couldn’t handle it.” Reading through these notes makes me wonder why in the world Sharaun ever even gave me a shot.
"Rockledge Central" was an unfinished business park that was paved into a dead-end cul-de-sac. We used to drive down there into the dark and the trees and "park." Notice how I kinda slip that one in there as the last option, as if it weren't really the first and foremost thing I'd want to do. Sly, ain't I?
“That huggin’ faggot?” Class act man. Class. Act.
No words… no words.
"Gay-ass fool?" Man, I bet the women truly were lining up.
When I read this stuff, I can actually almost remember feeling and acting like this jealous and possessive highschool kid. I'm not sure if everyone's highschool relationships were like that or not, but ours sure was.
Once again I seem to be tooting my own womanizing horn. What a catch. How did I ever keep them off?
I’ll leave this to interpretation, but I almost puked up my dinner when I sounded it out. Oh my Lord we were sickening.
So, that’s it. I made it through. Time to collect my thoughts, remember I’m in my thirties and that this was a long time ago (I used to think we were so mature…). Now then, with my head cleared of that foul business, let’s move on to Sharaun’s note to me. This one was taken from one of those “log” deals I talked about above, you can see the in/out time-logging at the top. Ugh.
I just want to run away and hide. It’s that bad, right?
OK, something interesting. Sharaun and I used to stay up all night talking on the phone. We’d stay up well into the morning, sometimes “talking” for five or more hours. I have no idea what we talked about, but more than one time I remember falling asleep on the phone together. Eventually, Sharaun got caught talking to me in the middle of the night. In fact, the resulting phone ban was what started the whole “log” back-and-forth thing – a kind of alternative to being able to talk all night. On some nights, though, she’d manage to sneak the phone into her room and make secret calls to me in the wee hours. This didn’t wake my parents because, when I got my first computer back in ’92, I had decided to pay for a private line in my bedroom so I could monopolize the phone with my dialup Prodigy account. The five dollars per month was totally worth being able to surf the nubile WWW, which I was already addicted to.
Hahaha. Wow. You know what they say about flattery...
Here she's talking about what we'll bring with us to the beach when we go some night in the future. We used to tell her folks we were going to see a movie and then drive down to the beach and find a nice dark spot to spread a blanket and make out. Awesome, right?
We really did love talking on the phone...
Oh hey, this portion of the note makes for a neat sideline story...
Once, Sharaun's grandmother found a note from me Sharaun had inadvertently left in the pocket of her jeans. No problem, right? Only thing was, in that particular note, I was joking around about Sharaun being pregnant - I mean, I was writing about it as if it were true, but Sharaun, of course, knew it for a joke. Anyway, Sharaun's grandmother freaked out, called Sharaun's mom (who immediately knew the note for a joke and did not, thank the Lord above, involve her dad). Needless to say Sharaun's mom was not happy with the note, nor the "coarse" language I used in it (as was a habit of mine back then).
In order to avoid a similar situation again, and to add a layer of security to notes of a "sensitive" nature, I taught Sharaun the code Kyle and I had discovered, and subsequently broken, in the underground tunnels of Astrokalickrama (if you're completely lost after reading that last sentence, catch your ignorant self up by clicking right here). She's not using it to mask anything bad here, she must've just been keeping in practice or something.
Well, like I said - I had to cut them down a little, but that's it. I'm not really sure how I feel about this one... as a blog entry I mean... for some reason I'm half tempted to trash the entire thing. But, it's here now, and it took a loooong time, so it's staying. I mean, it took forever to write. In the end, I got tired... and likely sloppy. Sorry. I don't even know if I like it after all that work. Also, I've done something like it before here and here and maybe even here. Whatever.
Did it work?
Goodnight.
the pilot says

Hi internet. It's Thursday, and the guys came over tonight for a dinner of grilled bratwurst and pizza rolls. I mean, what's a group of guys to do when their better halves all gang up and go to some "chicks only" soirée? Anyway, it was a wild party... we watched the democratic debate. Yeah, we're old as sin. Old as sin. Let's get to writing.
I was searching my memory the other day, trying to figure out when I first flew on a plane as a kid. I guess it was when I was younger, as I know I went to Hawaii with my folks and grandfather before my brother was born – but I don’t think I did much air travel as a kid. I remember flying when we moved to Florida, but not much before that. Keaton, by comparison, should be some 100k Red Carpet frequent flier. I tried counting up the times she’s been airborne: Florida and back six or seven times, Oregon and back ten or eleven times, and then Hawaii and Mexico. That’s more than fifty hours of in-air time. Not bad for a newly-minted two year-old. I mean, the girl has a freakin’ passport, with stamps! I didn’t even have a passport until I was twenty five or something. She’s so global.
She’s familiar with the whole process too. When we pushed her stroller up to the security line at the airport in Mexico, she reached down, took off her Crocs, and handed them up to Sharaun (yes, the TSA is worried about bombs in toddler-sized Crocs). After boarding and taking our seats, she hopped over to Sharaun’s lap by the window to look outside because she said she wanted to “See a suitcases mommy!” as they were being loaded onto the plane. As the crew started the safety announcements over the loudspeakers, she said, “The pilot says I wear my seatbelt!” And, taxiing to the runway for takeoff, she leaned into me and said, “Might be loud, daddy?” “Yes, it’s gonna get loud for a minute,” I answered. She's a pro, I swear. Man I love that little girl.
OK folks, it's a pretty clean case for winner right now, but in the spirit of fairness here's this week's You Decide Friday poll one last time before I have to start writing. Poll closes around noon today, so, if you haven't voted yet, act fast. Have at it:
[poll=3]
And, changing subjects to wrap things up: Tonight I decided to put to good use some of the free space on my humongous 160GB iPod. I downloaded HandBrake and ripped some of my favorite Andy Griffith episodes (from the complete seasons DVDs) to iPod-compliant videos. I figure this way I can watch some of my favorite shows while I travel. I mean, there's so much room on this dang thing, and even though I've got right around 100GB of music on there (which is a disgusting amount, actually), there's still room to spare. So, I plan to rip some of my favorite DVDs (I don't have many, I'm just not a huge DVD fan) and get them loaded. Things like The Goonies, Lord of the Rings, Andy Griffith, The Simpsons, y'know, stuff like that. Should be a good use of the space, and may even prove useful in a boring situation someday.
Goodnight my friends.
the70s.torrent

Ahhh… listening to the Band’s live rendition of “It Makes No Difference” from the Last Waltz album; I absolutely love this song. Makes me feel good each and every time I hear it, even if it is somewhat of a sad-sounding tune. Keaton went down early (she woke up late last night with a high fever, ran a lower one all day today, and actually asked to go to bed) and Sharaun's at volleyball - so I've got the place to myself. That means writin' time.
The other day, my brain tickled by the triumphant return of Demonoid to the torrent scene, I was thinking about how prevalent “discography torrents” have become over the past year. For the unfamiliar, a discography torrent is simply a massive zipped archive of every recording an artist or group has done over the span of their career – albums, singles, extras, whatever – all MP3ized, packaged, and presented as a single one-fell-swoop download. The availability of these all-inclusive super-easy-to-get packages of music makes me wonder about the future of file sharing.
I’m betting that the whole “thrill of the hunt” aspect of music collecting which has, in addition to a genuine love of music, always fueled my lust for tunes, will more than likely be a thing of the past by the time Keaton’s generation begins filing up iPods. Just look at the history: As the internet pipes have become fatter over the years, we’ve moved from single-song-hunting via Napster to album-jacking via Kazaa to discographies through BitTorrent. Eventually, you’ll just be able to click on the70s.torrent and be done with an entire decade’s worth of music in one overnight download.
I don't even want to think about when Keaton’s kids get old enough... they’ll probably be able to buy a credit-card thick device from the corner market in Shanghai that comes pre-loaded with the entire history of recorded music. Where’s the fun in that? Part of being a music collector is reveling in the far-reach of your collection, touting the stuff you have to other collectors, having one of only five copies of that lost acetate recording of the Velvet Underground's freshman LP - elitist stuff like that. That’ll all be over when any Joe Topforty can buy a “The Complete 20th Century” MusiCube at Radio Shack (which by then, as technology marches ever on, will have been forced to re-brand as something more "now," like VHS Shack, or something similarly thirty years behind the curve).
Changing subject, but continuing the "I was thinking" theme... I was thinking today about how I’m happy with the amount of outside-the-house socialization Sharaun and I do – even with Keaton. Before we had Keaton, we’d get good-natured ribbing from our friends about the “end” of our social lives, though neither of us really worried much. In my opinion though, we’ve integrated Keaton well into our social circle. We bring her along, include her in the hangin’ out (much to the thrill of our no-kids-havin' friends, right no-kids-havin' friends?!), and often put her down in her Pack N Play when we’re over at friends’ places past bedtime. She’s a seasoned pro at being woken up for a ride home in the carseat.
What got me thinking, though, was my mom asking me if she needed to get Keaton some kind of bigger sleeping accommodations for our upcoming trip to Oregon over Mother’s Day weekend. My answer was “no,” but it was the first time I’d really entertained the thought of her outgrowing the Pack N Play. Not that the first thing I think of when I consider this milestone for her is our social lives, but... what the heck are we going to do when she doesn't "fit" in that thing anymore? Is that the "lives over" point that people are referring to?
My answer: Nahhh... give me a break. Since our idea of "going out" is typically dinner and a movie or game at someone's place, it's not exactly like her sleep is at risk for interruption by the thundering bass of a club or gunshots at an out of control Latino block party (that sounds racist... is that racist?). All she has to sleep through is the "wildness" of a few thirtysomethings who've had a glass of wine or four, who might get too loud discussing while discussing their Roth IRAs or the Earth-ethics of local-grown produce (we live in California, remember?). I'm confident babygirl will be just as accommodating as she's always been, and continue to be the great sleeper she is. But man... I bet it's an interesting transition.
Before I go, I'll repost this week's You Decide Friday poll again tomorrow as a last reminder - but should you want to vote before then, you can simply scroll down the page to Monday's entry and cast your vote there. I'll close the poll around noon on Thursday.
PS - Oh hey, Megan posted some new candids of my girl! Check it!
Goodnight folks.
everything is gonna be fine

Tuesday.
Monday was a particularly productive day for me at work. The timing of the project I'm currently working on is way in the future, so most of the tasks I have now are planning-centric... and I've been using the benefit of time to do some experimenting along those lines, firming up the way I forecast and ready the team for what's coming down the road. I know, without me telling you what I do it's hard to know what that means - but, them's the breaks folks. Anyway, I feel like I almost made up for a week gone in a single day... Because, when I want to, I can be super productive like that.
Now I'm sitting here listening to some Sabbath (courtesy of the iPod shuffling it up) and writing. I had Keaton tonight. Got to feed her dinner, give her a bath, sing her a bedtime song, say her prayer with her, and put her to bed. She didn't nap today so she was super tired, but before I put her down she managed to say, in her little half-asleep croak of a voice, "Sing a sun song, daddy?" "The 'sun song?,' I asked." "Yeah, sing a sun song, daddy?" "I don't know the sun song, baby, can you sing some for daddy so he can hear it?" "This one, daddy: ♫ Please don't take my sunshine away ♫." I immediately knew the verse, but couldn't place the song. It took me a minute, but I eventually broke into ♫ You are my sunshine, my only sunshine... ♫, and stopped to say, "Is that the song, baby?" "Yeah," she said, and nuzzled into my shoulder. ♫ You make me haaaapy, when skies are grey... ♫ Awesome, I'm telling you... straight-up awesome.
And, since I'm already on about babygirl...
Sharaun took Keaton to her two-year pediatrician appointment today, and asked about several things which’ve been on our minds lately. #1, the stuttering thing (which, by the way, is back again, with a vengeance): Bottom line, the pediatrician said she sees “no cause for concern.” She said she’s already noted Keaton as “advanced language ability” (finally, some corroboration for Sharaun's my-baby's-a-genius stance), and suggested that her vocal “hesitations” are more than likely her response to a stall in development that her mind doesn’t understand, and is compensating for. In other words, she seems to think pretty much what I guessed at a couple weeks ago: that baby girl’s vocal chords are just stalling in an effort to catch up with her brain, which has developed beyond them. Not the most scientific explanation, but it works for me. The doc said she’ll continue to monitor it and see how it goes, but that she expects it’ll go away of its own accord eventually. Whew. That really is a relief to me, no matter how much I said I wasn't overly concerned.
#2, We also informed her of the we're-the-parents call we made to suspend indefinitely her recently regimented breathing treatments whilst in Mexico. While we made the decision together, I was the one pushing to abandon the treatments. I just got too itchy about having our two-year-old inhale atomized steroids twice a day for what I, for whatever reason, viewed as dubious benefits. I convinced Sharaun to stop giving her the treatments, and her wheezing (which the pediatrician readily admitted was most likely caused by a bug she had, and not some underlying malady) didn’t return. Sharaun said the doc actually applauded our use of parental judgment, and said she agrees with our decision and Keaton seems fine. For some reason, that flexibility and non-attachment to a “prescribed” remedy impressed me. Anyway, we felt like we’d done the right thing – which was not so much a relief as it was a nice vindication of our motivations.
And, #3, some odd breathing patterns we'd seen in Keaton while she slept. Seemingly abnormal things like her getting into a two-deep-breaths / no-breaths-for-ten-seconds rhythm instead of a normal regulated breathing pattern. I had feared this might be related to the whole "breathing" issue thing (which has actually now gone away), but the doc assured us abnormal breathing is normal in kids at this age. Which, again, helps to support my theory that being a pediatrician is about like being an HR representative in that there are no concrete answers to anything, and nearly everything is pretty much "normal" and/or "OK" depending on how you look at it.
Anyway, overall it was a reassuring doctor visit, which I take to mean all is well, or that we have a complete charlatan of a pediatrician. Fingers crossed for the former, eh?
Oh, and before I go - I wanted to include a quick image of what some sounds familiar reader at work considers funny. Below is the name plate thingy in front of my cube (last name blurred for safety... or something), done in tribute to this entry I posted a week back. Funny stuff:

See all those little pharaohs up there? Yeah, that's gotta be my desk.
Well folks, that's it for tonight. I'll be back tomorrow with
to know, and maybe even love

Hi folks. I had planned this Monday's entry to be some kind of triumphant return to blogging, what with us being on vacation all last week and my expectations that I'd not blog much at all.
Turns out I was able to throw something together for four of the five "regular" bloggin' days - which either is or isn't bad, depending on your view of getting online whilst on vacation. For me, it's as natural as reading a book or watching TV, just another vice of the modern-world... so it didn't detract from me properly vacating. Here, then, is a normal ho-hum Monday post on sounds familiar, the kind you've come to know, and maybe even love. For my part, this intro is finished.
On our first day back from Mexico and I had all sorts of things planned: I was gonna finish fixing the fence that blew down eons ago; was gonna go get a haircut; was gonna maybe mow the lawn; unpack; sort through the mail... all kinds of things. Instead, I sat around playing with Keaton and watching TiVo'd episodes of Saturday Night Live. What a waste of a fine day to be outside. (I'll tell you a secret... if I really wanted to get that stuff done today, I'd've done it. The fact that I didn't get it done just means I never really planned to.)
With the new week, I'm going to do another You Decide Friday poll, where you, my dearest readers, get to cast your vote and let me know what I should write about come week's end. The rules are simple, vote for your top choice, with the understanding that just because something wins doesn't mean the other topics are cast away for good - they're all just binned ideas from my running list anyway. What are you waiting for? Flex your democracy people:
[poll=3]
Wow, a few paragraphs... a poll... not bad for getting a late Sunday night start, eh?
Oh, and guess what? Whipped topping!
I managed to get a respectable collection of images from our Mexico trip up online today, and only one day back from the vacation. I deserve some kudos for that, right? Yeah, I do. Give it up. You can surf over to the aforementioned gallery by clicking right here. Enjoy.
Gonna tack on something that doesn't really fit, deal.
While we were flying there-and-back for vacation this past week, and in light of all the recent airlines folding and facing delays in financial problems, I've come up with what I think is a pretty solid airline bailout or recover plan. Most MBA students know the story about Delta and the three olives, and I think my cost-saving idea may be even more revolutionary than that. Here goes: You know those plastic bags attached to the oxygen masks? The ones that the airline tells you every time you fly "will not inflate, but oxygen will be flowing?" Brace yourself: Get rid of those bags.
Dudes, really. You're equipping each of your passengers' oxygen lines with little plastic bags that only cause confusion, as evidenced by the fact that your flight attendants have to explain that, while it's obvious they aren't doing anything, they are "working" anyway.
You're welcome. I just saved you millions on bag-costs.
Goodnight then.
before the pesos run out
Hey again amigos. Last full day in Mexico here. I can barely type for my fingers slipping around the keyboard on a sheen of my own tears. Next week it's back to mowing lawns, conference calls, and e-mails. But, the next couple days... those are still ours.
Yesterday, as I waffled drowsily between some waking and drifting off beside the pool, I was thinking: I could probably conduct the sale of our house back in California without ever even leaving this resort. I could use the fax machine, telephone, and internet to liquidate our worldly possessions, taking care to have our most cherished items, as few as they are, shipped or stored (I mean, I'd need my hard drive of music... after all). With the money from the sale safely in the bank, I could set about finding some beachside accommodations here. Our little family could probably make it without a breadwinner for at least a few years before the pesos run out. Maybe we could even squat in one of the many aborted developments that line the beach just a few miles walk from here... that could save us some rent. Yeah, I think we...
I'm sorry, what?
Oh. Si, si. Uno mas, por favor.
Gracias.
Now, where was I... ? Eh, whatever. I think I'll join Sharaun and Keaton in the pool; maybe splash Keaton with one of my famous camelballs or something. It was a good thought though...
And, closing out the week, a couple more teasers before I have to do a "right-proper" upload upon returning home. Wish a safe flight, OK (and that our airline doesn't go out of business tomorrow or anything)?
See you next week (where I'll also resume my post-accompanying images... the blog feels naked without them).